前 提：

• 有root權(quán)限
• 備份恢復(fù)boot/system分區(qū)為例

先查看分區(qū)信息：

方法一 :

命令：ls -l /dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/by-name/

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/by-name/lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 boot -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p7lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 cache -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p21lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 expdb -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p10lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 flashinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p23lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 frp -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p17lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 keystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p14lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 lk -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p5lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 logo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p9lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 metadata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p19lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 nvdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p18lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 nvram -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p2lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 oemkeystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p12lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 para -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p6lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 proinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p1lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 protect1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p3lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 protect2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p4lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 recovery -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p8lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 seccfg -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p11lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 secro -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p13lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 system -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p20lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 tee1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p15lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 tee2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p16lrwxrwxrwx root root2022-05-20 21:16 userdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p22

boot分區(qū)對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)際的目錄是/dev/block/mmcblk0p7

方法二：

根目錄/下的fstab.xxx和/dev/recovery.fstab也可查相關(guān)信息

備 份：

方法一：cat

命令：cat /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 > /sdcard/bootBAK.img

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cat /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 > /sdcard/bootBAK.img

查看結(jié)果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/boot*-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r7145472 2015-06-30 07:04 boot.img-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:45 bootBAK.img-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r7485440 2022-02-28 08:22 bootF103_magisk.img

bootBAK.img大小是16777216字節(jié)

對(duì)比一下：

先查看分區(qū)大小

命令：cat /proc/partitions

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cat /proc/partitionsmajor minor#blocksname 2540 491520 zram07018944 loop0 179015267840 mmcblk0 17913072 mmcblk0p1 17925120 mmcblk0p2 179310240 mmcblk0p3 179410240 mmcblk0p4 1795512 mmcblk0p5 1796512 mmcblk0p6 179716384 mmcblk0p7對(duì)應(yīng)boot分區(qū) 179816384 mmcblk0p8 17998192 mmcblk0p9 1791010240 mmcblk0p10 17911512 mmcblk0p11 179122048 mmcblk0p12 179136144 mmcblk0p13 179148192 mmcblk0p14 179155120 mmcblk0p15 179165120 mmcblk0p16 179171024 mmcblk0p17 1791832768 mmcblk0p18 1791937888 mmcblk0p19 179202097152 mmcblk0p20 17921 409600 mmcblk0p21 1792212563968 mmcblk0p22 1792316384 mmcblk0p23 179964096 mmcblk0rpmb 179644096 mmcblk0boot1 179324096 mmcblk0boot0

mmcblk0p7的blocks是16384塊，每塊大小1024字節(jié)

boot大小 = 16384 * 1024 = 16777216字節(jié)，與備份出來(lái)的大小一樣。

方法二：dd

命令：dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img

1|root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img32768+0 records in32768+0 records out16777216 bytes transferred in 2.001 secs (8384415 bytes/sec)

或者：

 dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img bs=1024 count=16384

命令說(shuō)明 ：

• if表示輸入（數(shù)據(jù)源）
• of表示輸出（備份到哪）
• bs即blocks
• count是多少個(gè)bs

結(jié)果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/boot*-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r7145472 2015-06-30 07:04 boot.img-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:45 bootBAK.img-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:56 bootBAK2.img-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r7485440 2022-02-28 08:22 bootF103_magisk.img

方法三：cpio

命令：find /system -print | cpio -ovd -H newc > /sdcard/system.cpio 備份/system

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # find /system -print | busybox cpio -ovd -H newc > /sdcard/system.cpioroot@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/system*-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r 1916820332 2022-05-25 23:11 system.cpioroot@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # file /sdcard/system.cpio/sdcard/system.cpio: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)

方法四：tar

命令：tar cvzpf system-bak0526.tar.gz --exclude=/system/lost+found --exclude=/system/recovery-from-boot.bak /system

備份/system時(shí)排除掉./lost+found , recovery-from-boot.bak

先查看/system數(shù)據(jù)：

c:\tmp\fastboot>adb shellshell@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ $ suroot@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls /systemappbinbuild.propdataetcfontsframeworkliblib64lost+foundmediapluginpriv-apprecovery-from-boot.bakresttsusrvendorxbin

執(zhí)行備份：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cd /sdcardroot@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # busybox tar cvzpf system-bak0526.tar.gz --exclude=/system/lost+found --exclude=/system/recovery-from-boot.bak/system

參數(shù)說(shuō)明：

• -c 建立壓縮文件
• -x 解開(kāi)壓縮文件
• -v 顯示列表
• -z 用gzip進(jìn)行壓縮
• -p 保留原來(lái)的屬性
• -f 指定壓縮文檔名
• --exclude 排除的文件或目錄

查看結(jié)果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # ll sys*-rw-rw---- root sdcard_r 1132545851 2022-05-26 16:04 system-bak0526.tar.gz130|root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # busybox tar -tf system-bak0526.tar.gz|grep flash_imagesystem/xbin/flash_image

=================================

恢 復(fù) 分 區(qū)/數(shù)據(jù)：

方法一：dd

命令：dd if=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # dd if=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7

方法二：fastboot flash

命令：fastboot flash boot bootBAK2.img

c:\tmp\fastboot>adb reboot bootloaderc:\tmp\fastboot>fastboot devices8T8HBIZSBU9PCM4Sfastbootc:\tmp\fastboot>fastboot flash boot bootBAK2.img

方法三：flash_image

命令：flash_image partition file.img

有時(shí)候partition不識(shí)別boot, 則改為/dev/block/mmcblk0p7試試

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # flash_image boot /sdcard/bootBAK2.imgfailed with error: -1root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # flash_image /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 /sdcard/bootBAK2.img

方法四：cpio

命令：cpio -iuvd < /sdcard/system.cpio

參數(shù)說(shuō)明：

• -i 將數(shù)據(jù)文件復(fù)制到系統(tǒng)中，copy-in
• -o 將系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制成文件，copy-out
• -u 自動(dòng)將較新文件覆蓋舊文件
• -v 顯示清單
• -d 自動(dòng)建立目錄
• -p 原版?zhèn)浞荩贿M(jìn)行額外處理
• -H format

format有如下格式：

• bin : The obsolete binary format. (2147483647 bytes)
• odc : The old (POSIX.1) portable format. (8589934591 bytes)
• newc : The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having more than 65536 i-nodes. (4294967295 bytes)

另外說(shuō)明 ：

dd命令可備份 ：文件、分區(qū)、磁盤(pán)、光盤(pán)等

用法說(shuō)明：

Usage: dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N][conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync][iflag=skip_bytes|fullblock] [oflag=seek_bytes|append]Copy a file with converting and formattingif=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdinof=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdoutbs=NRead and write N bytes at a timeibs=NRead N bytes at a timeobs=NWrite N bytes at a timecount=N Copy only N input blocksskip=NSkip N input blocksseek=NSkip N output blocksconv=notruncDon't ｔｒｕｎｃａｔｅ output fileconv=noerrorContinue after read errorsconv=syncPad blocks with zerosconv=fsyncPhysically write data out before finishingconv=swabSwap every pair of bytesiflag=skip_bytesskip=N is in bytesiflag=fullblock Read full blocksoflag=seek_bytesseek=N is in bytesoflag=appendOpen output file in append modestatus=noxferSuppress rate outputstatus=none Suppress all outputN may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G

/dev/null : 回收站

/dev/zero ：生成0字符